GMRS Radio Guide

Introduction to Radios

General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) radios are a popular choice for personal and family communication. They’re particularly suited for outdoor activities, community events, and emergency preparedness due to their balance of power, range, and simplicity. GMRS radios typically operate in the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band around 462-467 MHz, which provides a good combination of range and signal clarity in environments where obstacles like buildings or dense foliage are present.

Comparing GMRS to Other Communication Options:

  • GMRS vs. Family Radio Service (FRS): FRS radios are similar to GMRS but operate at much lower power (up to 2 watts) and are limited to shorter ranges, typically up to 1-2 miles depending on terrain. GMRS, by contrast, allows up to 50 watts of power on certain channels and can reach distances of 5 to 25 miles under optimal conditions.
  • GMRS vs. Ham Radio: Ham (or Amateur) radios are more versatile and operate across a wider range of frequencies, including HF, VHF, and UHF bands. Ham radios can reach significantly greater distances, even globally, when atmospheric conditions allow. However, they require a more advanced license with an exam. GMRS is simpler to use, with fewer licensing requirements, making it more accessible for family and personal use over regional distances.
  • GMRS vs. CB Radio: Citizens Band (CB) radio operates in the 27 MHz range with limited power, resulting in shorter range and susceptibility to interference. CB radios are often used in vehicles for communication among drivers but lack the range and clarity of GMRS, particularly in urban or wooded areas.

With GMRS, users can access specific repeater channels to extend their communication range. In areas with available repeaters, like channel 20/repeater 6 for the ERSN net, GMRS can reliably cover distances of 20 miles or more, depending on terrain and repeater availability. For straightforward, mid-range communication, GMRS strikes a good balance between ease of use and range, making it a preferred choice for many community-based networks.

How to Get a License

To legally operate a GMRS radio, the FCC requires a license, which is valid for 10 years and covers your immediate family. The application process is straightforward and can be completed online. Follow these steps:

  • Visit the FCC’s Universal Licensing System (ULS).
  • Register for an FCC Registration Number (FRN) if you don’t have one. You can do this by selecting “Register” on the ULS page and following the prompts.
  • Once registered, log in to the ULS system using your FRN and password.
  • Select “Apply for a New License” and choose “ZA - General Mobile Radio (GMRS)” from the list of license types.
  • Complete the application form, ensuring all personal information and payment details are accurate.
  • Submit the application and pay the $35 fee, which is required for a 10-year GMRS license.
  • After submission, you’ll receive a confirmation email from the FCC. Once processed, your license will be available in your ULS account, and you can start legally operating your GMRS radio.

Setting Up for Net Access

To join the local GMRS network, follow these steps:

  • Tune your radio to channel 20 / repeater 6.
  • Contact ersnnets@gmail.com to request the PL (CTCSS) codes necessary for network access.
  • Once configured, join a practice net or try performing a radio check by saying your callsign.

Buying Guide

Choosing the right GMRS radio depends on your intended use, environment, and budget. Here are key factors to consider when purchasing a GMRS radio:

  • Range and Power: Look for radios with higher wattage if you need extended range, especially in open or mountainous areas. GMRS radios can legally go up to 50 watts, but most handheld units are in the 1-5 watt range, which typically covers a few miles under normal conditions. Look for radios with repeater capability if you plan to join the ERSN net.
  • Durability and Weather Resistance: For outdoor or rugged use, prioritize radios with waterproof or dustproof ratings (IPX5 or higher) to ensure longevity in harsh conditions. Models designed for outdoor enthusiasts often come with durable casings to withstand impacts and rough handling.
  • Battery Life: Check for long-lasting battery life or dual-power options that allow both rechargeable and disposable batteries. Radios with USB charging ports can add convenience for recharging on the go.
  • Ease of Use and Display: Radios with clear displays and intuitive controls make it easier to tune channels and adjust settings.
  • Additional Features: Some radios include NOAA weather alerts and SOS functionality.
  • Cost: GMRS radios vary widely in price. Entry-level handheld models start around $30, while high-powered mobile units or models with extensive features can exceed $200. Choose a model that balances your needs and budget.

Popular brands include Motorola, Midland, and BTech, each offering models that cater to different needs from casual family use to advanced outdoor applications. Be sure to research specific models and read reviews to find a radio that fits your requirements.

ERSN Recommendations

Many ERSN members have the Baofeng UV-5G. It is cheap, programmable via CHIRP, and can scan VHF public frequencies.

An alternative is the Baofeng GM-15 Pro. It is a mid-range GMRS radio that offers a good balance of features and affordability. It’s a popular choice for emergency preparedness due to its rugged design, long battery life, and repeater compatibility.